Nanocellulose-Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Composites by Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas Salit Mohd Sapuan Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim

Author:Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Salit Mohd Sapuan, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: De Gruyter
Published: 2023-10-02T17:18:01.427000+00:00

Table 12.1:The chemical composition of cassava starch extracted from Semporna and Tawau [31].

Parameter Semporna Tawau

Ash 2.19 ± 0.16 2.43 ± 0.30

Carbohydrate 27.02 ± 1.14 26.39 ± 0.80

Crude fat 0.68 ± 0.01 0.55 ± 0.04

Crude protein 2.69 ± 0.02 2.07 ± 0.11

Moisture content 5.97 ± 1.16 6.33 ± 0.58

Total dietary fibre 2.09 ± 0.01 2.38 ± 0.16

12.4

Lignocellulosic fibre

12.4.1

Classification of fibre

The constituent of cassava bagasse (CB) made up of cellulose (27 %), hemicellulose (30 %) and lignin (2.7 %) [32]. Cellulose can be further refined to obtain microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocellulose (NC) through several process of treatments [33], [34], [35], [36]. Figure 12.3 displays the segregation of cellulose into MC and three different nanocelluloses. There are vast resources of cellulose, which primarily came from plants and various living organisms such as algae and bacteria.

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